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Writer's pictureMara B. Edmunds, LMFT

Exploring the Telltale Signs: Recognizing the Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder

Updated: Aug 4




Story of a Person with Symptoms of Depression


Meet Sarah, a vibrant and successful young professional who seemed to have it all together on the surface. However, beneath her cheerful facade, Sarah was battling a silent war with depression.

Despite her achievements, Sarah often felt a deep sense of emptiness and hopelessness that seemed to engulf her. She struggled to find joy in activities she once loved and found herself withdrawing from social interactions.

Simple tasks became daunting challenges for Sarah. Getting out of bed in the morning felt like an uphill battle, and she often found herself overwhelmed by feelings of fatigue and lethargy.

As days turned into weeks, Sarah's appetite waned, and she experienced significant changes in her weight. She found solace in isolation, preferring the comfort of her darkened room to the outside world.

Sarah's once sharp mind now felt clouded by a persistent sense of sadness and self-doubt. Concentrating at work became a Herculean task, and she found herself making frequent mistakes that she never would have made before.

Despite her struggles, Sarah put on a brave face whenever she was around others, masking her inner turmoil with a practiced smile. It wasn't until a close friend noticed the subtle changes in her behavior and encouraged her to seek help that Sarah began to confront her battle with depression.

With the support of therapy and medication, Sarah started her journey towards healing. It was a long and arduous road, but with time, patience, and the help of loved ones, Sarah began to see a glimmer of light at the end of the tunnel.

Today, Sarah continues to navigate the ups and downs of life with a newfound resilience and understanding of her mental health. Her story serves as a reminder that depression can affect anyone, regardless of outward appearances, and that seeking help is not a sign of weakness, but a courageous step towards healing.



Understanding Major Depressive Disorder


It is crucial to shed light on major depressive disorder (MDD) and its often subtle yet pervasive symptoms. As a seasoned therapist, I aim to provide insights into the common signs of MDD that are frequently overlooked but play a significant role in early detection and intervention.


Before diving into the common symptoms, let’s have a brief overview of major depressive disorder. MDD is a serious mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and disinterest in activities once enjoyed. It can affect one’s daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.


DSM-5 Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder


Presence of at least five of the following symptoms during the same two-week period:

  • Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day

  • Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day

  • Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain from excessive eating

  • Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day

  • Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day

  • Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day

  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

  • Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness

  • Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide


  1. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

  2. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.

  3. The occurrence of the major depressive episode is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.


Signs and Symptoms


  • Persistent Sadness : One of the hallmark symptoms of MDD is a pervasive feeling of sadness that persists for most of the day, nearly every day. This emotional burden can be overwhelming and impact various aspects of life.

  • Loss of Interest : Individuals with MDD often experience a significant loss of interest or pleasure in activities they once enjoyed. Hobbies, social interactions, and even personal relationships may no longer bring joy or fulfillment.

  • Fatigue and Sleep Disturbances : Persistent fatigue, lack of energy, and changes in sleep patterns are common in major depressive disorder. Insomnia or excessive sleeping can further exacerbate feelings of exhaustion and overall lethargy.

  • Changes in Appetite or Weight : MDD can manifest in noticeable changes in appetite, leading to weight loss or gain. Some individuals may experience a loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss, while others may turn to food for comfort, resulting in weight gain.

  • Difficulty Concentrating : Cognitive impairment is another common symptom of major depressive disorder. Individuals may struggle with concentration, memory, decision-making, and overall cognitive function, impacting their work, studies, and daily tasks.

  • Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt : Persistent feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or self-blame are often experienced by individuals with MDD. They may overly criticize themselves, feel undeserving of happiness, or believe they are a burden to those around them.



Seeking Help and Support


It is essential for individuals experiencing these symptoms or observing them in their loved ones to seek professional help. Early intervention and proper treatment, which may include therapy, medication, or a combination of both, can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals living with major depressive disorder.


Remember, you are not alone, and help is always available. By recognizing and addressing the signs of major depressive disorder, we can work together to navigate through the challenges and find a path towards healing and mental well-being.



© 2024 Mara B. Edmunds. All rights reserved.




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